Few desserts capture the cozy, nostalgic feeling of fall quite like Pumpkin Bars with Pumpkin Spice Cream Cheese Drizzle. They’re soft, moist, and spiced to perfection—with that luscious drizzle melting over the top like autumn sunshine. One bite, and you’re instantly wrapped in the flavors of cinnamon, nutmeg, and all things warm and comforting.
These bars have all the charm of pumpkin pie but are far easier to make—and honestly, even more irresistible. Each bite has that tender, melt-in-your-mouth texture and a hint of tangy sweetness from the cream cheese drizzle. Whether you’re baking for a crowd or treating yourself on a crisp autumn evening, these pumpkin bars are guaranteed to steal the show.
A Slice of Autumn Magic
As soon as the leaves start to turn and the air carries that unmistakable crisp chill, you know it’s pumpkin season. There’s something about baking with pumpkin that feels like a warm hug from the kitchen—comforting, nostalgic, and utterly satisfying.
These Pumpkin Bars with Pumpkin Spice Cream Cheese Drizzle embody that cozy feeling. They’re rich and tender, with a spiced aroma that fills your home while baking. The combination of earthy pumpkin, aromatic spices, and velvety cream cheese is nothing short of heavenly.
Unlike a heavy pie or complicated cake, these bars are simple to make, easy to serve, and impossible to resist. The pumpkin puree keeps them moist, while the spices infuse each bite with warmth. The cream cheese drizzle—sweet, silky, and lightly spiced—adds a luxurious finishing touch that makes the dessert look (and taste) like something straight out of a bakery window.
Perfect for potlucks, Thanksgiving spreads, or an afternoon snack with coffee, these bars are the definition of comfort made edible.
The Story Behind Pumpkin Bars
Pumpkin desserts have been a fall staple for centuries, dating back to early American settlers who baked sweetened pumpkin custards inside hollowed-out gourds. Over time, as baking techniques evolved, the pumpkin pie became a holiday tradition—but home bakers kept experimenting.
Enter pumpkin bars: a simpler, shareable version that combines the rich flavor of pumpkin pie with the soft texture of a cake. In the mid-20th century, when canned pumpkin puree became widely available, these bars became a household favorite. They were easier to make than pie, required no rolling or chilling dough, and could be served to a crowd with minimal effort.
Then came the pumpkin spice revolution. Once the world fell in love with that iconic blend of cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, and clove, pumpkin desserts of all kinds—from lattes to muffins to bars—took center stage.
Today, pumpkin bars are a beloved fall tradition. They’re homey, versatile, and endlessly customizable. The addition of a pumpkin spice cream cheese drizzle turns this classic into something truly special—a dessert that feels nostalgic yet delightfully modern.
Why You’ll Love These Pumpkin Bars
There’s no shortage of pumpkin desserts out there, but these bars stand apart for a few delicious reasons:
1. They’re incredibly moist and flavorful.
Pumpkin puree and oil work together to give these bars a soft, tender crumb that practically melts in your mouth. Unlike dry cakes or crumbly brownies, these bars stay moist for days.
2. The cream cheese drizzle adds the perfect finish.
Sweet, tangy, and infused with pumpkin spice—it’s like cheesecake and frosting had a baby. The drizzle not only enhances the flavor but also gives the bars a bakery-worthy look.
3. They’re easy to make and serve.
No complicated techniques or special equipment here. Just mix, bake, drizzle, and enjoy. You can make them ahead of time, slice into neat squares, and store for later—ideal for busy fall gatherings.
4. They fill your home with the best fall aroma.
Cinnamon, nutmeg, and ginger wafting through your kitchen is the kind of comfort money can’t buy. It’s like baking happiness itself.
5. They’re versatile and crowd-pleasing.
Whether served at brunch, a harvest party, or Thanksgiving dinner, these bars fit every occasion. You can even add a scoop of vanilla ice cream for an extra treat!
These pumpkin bars truly deliver everything you love about autumn—warm flavors, soft textures, and that little touch of indulgence that makes life sweeter.
Key Ingredients Breakdown
Before you start baking, let’s take a moment to appreciate the key ingredients that make this recipe shine. Each one plays a role in creating that dreamy texture and flavor balance.
The Pumpkin Bar Base
1. Pumpkin Puree:
The heart of the recipe. It provides moisture, flavor, and natural sweetness. Make sure to use pure pumpkin puree, not pumpkin pie filling (which already has sugar and spices added).
2. Vegetable Oil:
Unlike butter, oil gives these bars their signature softness. It locks in moisture, ensuring the bars stay tender even days after baking.
3. Sugar:
A mix of sweetness and caramelization that enhances the pumpkin’s flavor. Regular granulated sugar keeps the crumb light and balanced.
4. Eggs:
Eggs bind the ingredients together and add richness. Four eggs give these bars structure without making them dense.
5. Spices (Cinnamon, Nutmeg, Ginger):
This holy trinity of fall flavors adds warmth and depth. Cinnamon gives sweetness, nutmeg adds nuttiness, and ginger brings a little zing that wakes up the pumpkin flavor.
6. Baking Powder & Baking Soda:
The leavening agents that give your bars lift and prevent them from turning heavy.
7. Salt:
A small amount enhances all the other flavors, balancing the sweetness and intensifying the spices.
The Pumpkin Spice Cream Cheese Drizzle
1. Cream Cheese:
Softened cream cheese brings that classic tangy note that pairs so well with pumpkin. It’s smooth, rich, and luscious.
2. Butter:
Adds silkiness and helps the drizzle hold its shape when poured over the cooled bars.
3. Powdered Sugar:
Provides sweetness and the perfect drizzling texture. It also balances the tanginess of the cream cheese.
4. Pumpkin Spice Blend:
A mix of cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, and clove—this infuses the drizzle with cozy autumn flavor.
5. Vanilla Extract:
Rounds out the flavor with a warm, aromatic note.
6. Milk:
Just enough to thin the drizzle to a perfect pourable consistency. Adjust the amount based on how thick or thin you want it.
Together, these ingredients create a dessert that’s moist, sweet, and spiced just right—like fall on a plate.
Step-by-Step Recipe Guide
This recipe may look fancy, but it’s incredibly simple — even beginner bakers can master it on the first try. Follow these steps, and your kitchen will smell like a cozy fall bakery in no time!
Step 1 – Preheat and Prepare the Pan
Start by preheating your oven to 350°F (175°C). While it warms up, grease and line a 9×13-inch baking pan with parchment paper. The parchment makes removing and slicing your bars easy, while greasing ensures the edges bake evenly without sticking.
If you want those crisp, golden edges, you can use a light coating of butter or nonstick spray. The key here is preparation—having your pan ready before mixing ensures that your batter won’t sit too long and lose its fluffiness.
Pro tip: If you prefer slightly thicker bars, use a smaller pan (like 9×9 inches) and increase the bake time by 5–8 minutes.
Step 2 – Mix Dry Ingredients
In a medium-sized mixing bowl, whisk together:
- 2 cups all-purpose flour
- 2 teaspoons baking powder
- 1 teaspoon baking soda
- 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- ½ teaspoon ground nutmeg
- ½ teaspoon ground ginger
- ½ teaspoon salt
This dry mix forms the backbone of your pumpkin bars. The spices are where the magic happens—each one adds a unique warmth that complements the sweetness of the pumpkin. Whisking helps aerate the flour and evenly distribute the spices so no one bite is spicier than another.
If you’re feeling adventurous, toss in a pinch of clove or allspice for an extra bold kick. It’s those tiny tweaks that make homemade desserts taste like they came from grandma’s kitchen.
Step 3 – Combine Wet Ingredients
In a large bowl, combine:
- 1½ cups sugar
- 1 cup vegetable oil
- 4 large eggs
- 1 (15 oz) can pumpkin puree
Using an electric mixer (or a sturdy whisk and some elbow grease), beat together the sugar, oil, and eggs until smooth and slightly pale. This step adds air, helping the bars stay fluffy rather than dense.
Next, mix in the pumpkin puree. You’ll notice the batter transform into a rich, golden-orange color that screams fall. The pumpkin adds not just flavor, but incredible moisture too.
Once everything’s combined, your kitchen will already smell faintly of autumn spice — and that’s before you even bake!
Step 4 – Combine, Bake, and Cool
Now it’s time to bring it all together.
Gradually add your dry mixture to the wet ingredients, stirring gently after each addition. Be careful not to overmix — stop as soon as you no longer see streaks of flour. Overmixing develops gluten, which can make your bars tough rather than tender.
Pour the batter into your prepared pan and spread it evenly with a spatula. The texture should be thick but pourable, almost like a pumpkin cake batter.
Bake for 30 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. You’ll know they’re done when the surface turns a beautiful deep amber and your kitchen smells like spiced heaven.
Once baked, set the pan on a wire rack and let the bars cool completely before drizzling. This is important — if you drizzle too soon, the heat will melt your icing and it won’t hold those pretty swirls.
Step 5 – Make the Cream Cheese Drizzle
Now for the best part — that irresistible pumpkin spice cream cheese drizzle!
In a small bowl, beat together:
- 4 oz cream cheese (softened)
- 2 tbsp unsalted butter (softened)
Beat until smooth and creamy. Add:
- 1 cup powdered sugar
- 1 tsp vanilla extract
- ½ tsp pumpkin spice blend
Mix well. If the drizzle is too thick, gradually add 2–3 tablespoons of milk until it reaches your desired consistency. You want it to be silky enough to pour in delicate ribbons but thick enough to stay put on the bars.
Taste-test (because you deserve it!) — the flavor should be perfectly balanced between tangy, sweet, and spiced. If you want a stronger pumpkin spice kick, add a pinch more cinnamon or nutmeg.
Step 6 – Drizzle, Slice, and Serve
Once the bars are completely cool, drizzle your cream cheese mixture over the top using a spoon, piping bag, or even a ziplock with a corner snipped off. Get creative with zig-zags or gentle swirls — this is your canvas!
After drizzling, let the topping set for about 5–10 minutes before slicing into squares. This helps the icing firm up slightly, giving each piece a clean, bakery-style look.
Serve the bars on a festive fall platter or wrap them in parchment paper for easy gifting. They’re a hit at holiday gatherings, bake sales, or cozy Sunday brunches.
And trust me — with their golden-orange hue, silky drizzle, and irresistible scent, they look just as good as they taste.
Tips for Perfect Pumpkin Bars
Getting that bakery-quality texture and flavor isn’t about luck — it’s about attention to small details. Here are a few pro tips to ensure your pumpkin bars come out perfect every single time:
- Use room-temperature eggs and pumpkin puree.
Cold ingredients don’t mix as smoothly. Let them sit out for about 30 minutes before baking. - Measure your flour the right way.
Spoon it into the measuring cup and level it off — don’t scoop directly from the bag. Too much flour makes the bars dry. - Don’t overmix the batter.
Once your dry ingredients are incorporated, stop. Overmixing will make the bars dense instead of fluffy. - Cool completely before drizzling.
Patience pays off! A cool surface ensures your drizzle stays creamy and defined instead of melting into the bars. - Add flair with toppings.
Crushed pecans, mini white chocolate chips, or a dusting of cinnamon on top of the drizzle adds both texture and flavor. - Double the drizzle.
If you’re a frosting lover (who isn’t?), double the cream cheese drizzle recipe. You can spread a thicker layer or serve extra on the side for dipping. - For clean slices:
Use a warm knife (dip it in hot water and wipe dry before cutting). Each bar will come out neat and picture-perfect.
These small steps make a huge difference — turning a simple dessert into something bakery-worthy and absolutely unforgettable.
Healthier Baking Swaps (If You Want to Lighten It Up)
Craving a slightly healthier version? No problem! You can make a few smart swaps without losing the flavor or texture that makes these bars amazing.
- Replace some of the oil with unsweetened applesauce.
Use ½ cup oil + ½ cup applesauce instead of 1 full cup oil. It keeps the bars moist while cutting down on fat. - Use whole wheat pastry flour.
It adds fiber and nutrients while maintaining a tender crumb. - Cut back on sugar.
You can reduce the sugar by ¼ cup without changing the texture. The pumpkin and spices still deliver plenty of flavor. - Use reduced-fat cream cheese.
The drizzle will still be rich, but with fewer calories. - Add protein.
Stir a few tablespoons of vanilla protein powder into the dry ingredients for a nutritious boost.
Even with these adjustments, the bars remain indulgent, cozy, and absolutely delicious — just a little lighter on the guilt.
Creative Serving Ideas and Pairings
These Pumpkin Bars with Pumpkin Spice Cream Cheese Drizzle aren’t just a dessert — they’re a fall experience. Their soft texture and warm, spiced flavor make them incredibly versatile for different occasions and pairings. Whether you’re hosting a cozy family dinner or looking for a showstopper at your dessert table, here are some delightful ways to serve them:
1. Pair with a Warm Drink
There’s nothing better than enjoying pumpkin bars with a steaming mug of something cozy. Try:
- Pumpkin Spice Latte – for a double pumpkin experience that feels like pure autumn bliss.
- Hot Apple Cider – the tangy sweetness complements the cream cheese drizzle perfectly.
- Chai Tea or Cappuccino – adds a lovely balance of spice and creaminess.
2. Add Toppings for a Gourmet Touch
Take your bars from homemade to heavenly with a few simple toppings:
- Toasted pecans or walnuts for crunch
- White chocolate drizzle for an extra-sweet finish
- Caramel sauce to make them ultra-indulgent
- Sea salt flakes to balance the sweetness and add a hint of sophistication
3. Turn Them Into a Layered Dessert
Want to impress your guests? Try serving the bars as part of a trifle!
Layer chunks of pumpkin bars with whipped cream, crushed gingersnaps, and a drizzle of caramel for a fall dessert that looks stunning in a glass dish.
4. Ice Cream Pairing
Warm pumpkin bars and cold ice cream are a match made in dessert heaven. Serve with:
- Vanilla bean ice cream for classic balance
- Butter pecan or cinnamon ice cream for extra warmth and flavor
- Salted caramel gelato if you want to go all out
5. Make It Breakfast-Approved
Who says dessert can’t be breakfast? These bars pair beautifully with a morning cup of coffee or a side of Greek yogurt. You can even skip the drizzle and add a handful of oats or nuts to the batter for a heartier version.
When served with a cozy blanket, flickering candles, and the smell of fall spices in the air, these pumpkin bars are more than just food—they’re a full sensory experience.
Print
Pumpkin Bars with Pumpkin Spice Cream Cheese Drizzle
- Prep Time: 15 minutes
- Cook Time: 30 minutes
- Total Time: 45 minutes
Description
🍂 Soft, moist, and bursting with cozy pumpkin flavor — these Pumpkin Bars are the ultimate fall dessert! Topped with a silky pumpkin spice cream cheese drizzle, each bite melts in your mouth. Perfect for parties, potlucks, or a sweet autumn treat at home. 🍁💛
Ingredients
For the Pumpkin Bars:
2 cups all-purpose flour
2 teaspoons baking powder
1 teaspoon baking soda
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon ground nutmeg
1/2 teaspoon ground ginger
1/2 teaspoon salt
1 1/2 cups sugar
1 cup vegetable oil
4 large eggs
1 (15 oz) can pumpkin puree
For the Pumpkin Spice Cream Cheese Drizzle:
4 oz cream cheese, softened
2 tablespoons unsalted butter, softened
1 cup powdered sugar
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
1/2 teaspoon pumpkin spice blend
2–3 tablespoons milk (to thin for drizzling)
Instructions
1. Preheat & Prepare (5 minutes):
Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease and line a 9×13-inch baking pan with parchment paper for easy removal. 🧈
2. Mix Dry Ingredients (5 minutes):
In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, and salt until evenly combined. 🌾
3. Combine Wet Ingredients (5 minutes):
In a large mixing bowl, beat together sugar, oil, and eggs until smooth and creamy. Add pumpkin puree and mix until well incorporated. 🎃
4. Combine & Bake (30 minutes):
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet mixture, stirring just until blended. Pour batter into the prepared pan and spread evenly.
Bake for 30 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. Allow to cool completely before drizzling. 🍰
5. Make the Cream Cheese Drizzle (5 minutes):
Beat together softened cream cheese and butter until smooth. Add powdered sugar, vanilla, and pumpkin spice.
Gradually add milk until you reach a smooth, drizzling consistency. 🍂
6. Drizzle & Serve (5 minutes):
Once bars are cooled, drizzle the pumpkin spice cream cheese mixture over the top using a spoon or piping bag.
Slice into 16 bars and enjoy the autumn sweetness! ✨
Notes
1. Choose the Right Pumpkin Puree:
Use pure pumpkin puree, not pumpkin pie filling — the latter already contains sugar and spices, which would alter the flavor and texture of your bars.
2. Don’t Overmix the Batter:
Once you add the dry ingredients, mix only until combined. Overmixing can make your pumpkin bars dense instead of light and tender.
3. Check for Doneness Early:
Every oven bakes differently! Start checking your bars around the 25-minute mark. A toothpick inserted in the center should come out clean or with a few moist crumbs.
4. Cooling Is Key:
Let the bars cool completely before drizzling the cream cheese topping. If they’re even slightly warm, the drizzle can melt and lose its pretty finish.
5. Adjust Drizzle Consistency:
If your cream cheese drizzle feels too thick, add milk a teaspoon at a time until it’s smooth enough to pour. If it’s too runny, add a bit more powdered sugar.
6. Flavor Boost Option:
Add a teaspoon of maple syrup or a pinch of extra cinnamon to the drizzle for an extra cozy, fall-inspired flavor. 🍁
7. Storage:
Store leftovers in an airtight container in the fridge for up to 5 days. For a warm treat, microwave individual bars for about 10 seconds before serving.
8. Freezing Tip:
You can freeze the undrizzled bars for up to 2 months. Wrap tightly in plastic wrap and foil. Thaw overnight in the fridge, then add the drizzle before serving. ❄️
9. Serving Idea:
Serve these bars with a dollop of whipped cream or a scoop of vanilla ice cream for a next-level fall dessert! 🍨
Nutrition
- Serving Size: 16 bars
- Calories: 270 kcal
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Even simple recipes have a few pitfalls, so here’s how to make sure your pumpkin bars turn out perfect every time:
1. Overmixing the Batter
This is the #1 culprit behind dense or rubbery bars. Once the dry ingredients are incorporated, stop mixing. Overmixing activates gluten, giving you tough, chewy bars instead of soft, moist ones.
2. Using Too Much Flour
Flour measurement is tricky! Always spoon it into your measuring cup and level it off with a knife. Scooping directly from the bag packs it too tightly and throws off the balance.
3. Not Letting the Bars Cool Before Drizzling
Patience matters here. If you drizzle the frosting while the bars are still warm, it’ll melt and soak in like a glaze instead of staying thick and pretty on top.
4. Using Pumpkin Pie Filling Instead of Pumpkin Puree
Pumpkin pie filling already has added sugar and spices, which can make the bars overly sweet and too soft. Always stick to 100% pumpkin puree for the right consistency.
5. Overbaking
Pumpkin bars continue cooking a little as they cool, so don’t wait until the center is completely firm. When a toothpick comes out mostly clean with a few moist crumbs, they’re ready!
6. Skipping the Salt
It might seem small, but a pinch of salt enhances sweetness and balances the spices beautifully. Without it, your bars can taste flat.
Following these tips guarantees that your pumpkin bars come out bakery-soft, rich, and beautifully spiced every single time.
We recommend also these recipes :
Brown Sugar Pecan Sweet Potato Cobbler
Storage and Make-Ahead Tips
One of the best parts about these bars? They store and travel like a dream! Here’s how to keep them tasting fresh for days (or even weeks):
1. Storing at Room Temperature
If you haven’t added the drizzle yet, you can store the cooled bars in an airtight container at room temperature for up to 3 days. Just keep them covered so they don’t dry out.
2. Refrigeration (With the Drizzle)
Once drizzled, it’s best to refrigerate your bars. Store them in an airtight container or cover tightly with plastic wrap. They’ll stay moist and delicious for 5–6 days.
To serve, let them sit out for about 15 minutes so they reach that soft, room-temperature texture again.
3. Freezing
Yes, these bars freeze beautifully!
- Let them cool completely (without drizzle).
- Slice into squares and layer between parchment paper.
- Freeze in a sealed container or zip-top bag for up to 3 months.
When ready to enjoy, thaw overnight in the fridge and add the cream cheese drizzle before serving for that freshly baked taste.
4. Make-Ahead Tips
You can make both components in advance:
- Bake the bars up to 2 days ahead, store covered at room temperature.
- Prepare the drizzle and refrigerate it in a sealed container. When ready to use, let it come to room temp and whisk until smooth.
This makes it super convenient for holidays or parties when you want to bake ahead but still serve something that tastes freshly made.
Variations and Fun Twists
While these pumpkin bars are perfect as-is, you can easily customize them to match your mood, event, or craving. Here are a few creative twists:
1. Maple Cream Cheese Drizzle
Replace some of the milk in the drizzle with pure maple syrup. It adds a deep, woodsy sweetness that pairs perfectly with pumpkin spice.
2. Pumpkin Chocolate Chip Bars
Fold ½ cup mini chocolate chips into the batter before baking. The chocolate melts into little pockets of gooey goodness—perfect for kids (and chocoholics!).
3. Streusel-Topped Pumpkin Bars
Add a crumbly topping made from butter, flour, brown sugar, and cinnamon before baking. You’ll get a lovely crunch that contrasts beautifully with the soft cake.
4. Pumpkin Pecan Bars
Sprinkle chopped toasted pecans over the cream cheese drizzle for a nutty, buttery touch. It’s like a pumpkin-pecan pie hybrid.
5. Pumpkin Swirl Cheesecake Bars
Pour half of your pumpkin batter into the pan, spread a thin layer of sweetened cream cheese filling on top, then add the rest of the pumpkin batter and swirl lightly. The result? Marbled perfection.
These fun variations keep the recipe fresh every time you make it—because once you’ve tasted it, you’ll definitely want to bake it again!
You may like to read also these recipes :
No-Bake Pumpkin Pie – Creamy, Cozy, and Oven-Free Comfort!
The Heart of Fall Baking – Why Pumpkin Desserts Feel Like Home
There’s a reason pumpkin desserts have become synonymous with fall comfort. It’s not just the taste—it’s the feeling they bring.
The smell of cinnamon and nutmeg instantly takes us back to family gatherings, pumpkin patches, and cool nights spent by the fire. Baking with pumpkin is like bottling up autumn itself — warm, familiar, and cozy.
Pumpkin desserts also have a way of bringing people together. Whether it’s your grandmother’s pie or your first attempt at homemade pumpkin bars, there’s love baked into every bite.
And this recipe? It’s that perfect blend of nostalgia and indulgence — a reminder that sometimes, the simplest homemade treats bring the biggest smiles.
So when the leaves start to fall and the days get shorter, whip up a batch of these pumpkin bars, pour yourself a mug of cider, and savor a moment of autumn bliss. 🎃🍂
Conclusion – A Bite of Fall Bliss in Every Bar
Soft, moist, and drizzled with spiced cream cheese perfection, these Pumpkin Bars with Pumpkin Spice Cream Cheese Drizzle are everything we love about fall in one sweet bite.
They’re simple to make, stunning to serve, and impossible to resist. From the golden pumpkin crumb to the silky frosting, every bite tastes like a cozy afternoon wrapped in a blanket.
Whether you’re baking for a holiday gathering, a weekend treat, or just because — these bars will always be a hit. They’re the kind of dessert that makes people pause mid-bite and say, “Oh wow… this is amazing.”
Bake them once, and they’ll become your new autumn tradition.
FAQs
1. Can I use homemade pumpkin puree instead of canned?
Absolutely! Just make sure it’s thick and not watery. If it’s too runny, strain it through cheesecloth before using to keep the bars from being too soft.
2. How do I make the drizzle thicker or thinner?
Add more milk (a teaspoon at a time) for a thinner drizzle or more powdered sugar for a thicker, frosting-like texture.
3. Can I turn this recipe into cupcakes or a cake?
Yes! Pour the batter into a cupcake tin or 9×9 cake pan and adjust the bake time (20–22 minutes for cupcakes, 35–40 minutes for cake).
4. How long do the bars last in the fridge?
Stored in an airtight container, they’ll stay fresh for 5–6 days. You can also freeze them for up to 3 months.
5. Can I double the recipe for a larger crowd?
Definitely! Use a larger baking sheet or two pans. These bars are crowd-pleasers — perfect for parties, potlucks, or family gatherings.
